Tracking the information about your manuscript
Communicate with the editorial office
Query manuscript payment status Edit officeCollecting, editing, reviewing and other affairs offices
Managing manuscripts
Managing author information and external review Expert Information Expert officeOnline Review
Online Communication with the Editorial Department
Research Progress on Detection Technologies for Nipah Virus
AILI Ailizire;CHEN Fangjuan;GAO Chen;HAN Jun;Nipah virus(NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic pathogen that mainly causes outbreaks in Southeast Asia. It is classified into two genotypes: the Malaysia strain(NiV-M) and the Bangladesh strain(NiV-B). Due to the presence of its natural hosts in southwest China, there is a risk of imported infections. NiV is associated with an extremely high mortality rate, with vascular injury and neurological lesions as its core pathological features. Rapid and accurate diagnostic techniques are critical for the prevention and control of NiV outbreaks. This paper reviews the existing diagnostic technologies and recent research advances in NiV, aiming to provide technical references for early warning, clinical diagnosis, and prevention and control of NiV infections.
Latest Research Advances and Prevention Strategies for Nipah Virus
XU Hao;MA Yidan;LUO Rui;GUO Zhongbo;YAN Yan;LI Chang;LI Letian;Nipah virus(NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic agent with severe hazards. Since its first outbreak in Malaysia in 1998, which led to large-scale infections, it has been listed by the World Health Organization as one of the global priority pathogens due to its high case fatality rate(40%–75%), confirmed human-to-human transmission capability, and widespread distribution among natural animal hosts. In recent years, the epidemiological patterns of NiV outbreaks have undergone significant evolution, presenting a severe situation characterized by "coexistence of emerging and recurrent outbreaks with localized outbreaks becoming routine." South Asia has clearly exhibited distinct "endemic disease" features, becoming the primary high-risk region for global NiV outbreaks. In January 2026, a NiV cluster outbreak was reported again in West Bengal, India, resulting in multiple healthcare workers infected through occupational exposure, further highlighting the direct impact of the virus on healthcare systems and the urgency and necessity of global NiV prevention and control. Although no approved specific therapeutic agents or preventive vaccines are currently available worldwide, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in NiV etiological mechanism research, development of novel diagnostic technologies, and exploration of comprehensive prevention and control strategies. This article systematically reviews the latest advancements in NiV etiological characteristics, epidemiological evolution, diagnostic technology innovations, and vaccine development, with a focus on research achievements and challenges in vaccine and therapeutic drug fields, providing scientific references for China's response to such high-threat emerging zoonotic infectious diseases.
Research Progress on the Pathogenic Mechanisms and Prevention and Control Strategies of Nipah Virus
MENG Yu;ZOU Min;CHEN Bin;ZHANG Fengxue;WANG Wenlu;YANG Zifeng;Nipah virus(NiV) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic virus maintained in nature by fruit bats of the genus Pteropus. NiV infection can cause outbreaks characterized by acute encephalitis and/or severe respiratory disease, accompanied by household clusters, nosocomial transmission, and close-contact-associated human-tohuman spread, posing a substantial public health threat. Case fatality rates reported in different outbreaks are often 40% – 75%, and their variability is associated with factors including healthcare accessibility, case composition and selection bias, outbreak scale, as well as laboratory confirmation and surveillance capability. Currently, no NiV-specific therapeutics or vaccines have been approved, and clinical management mainly relies on supportive care and infection prevention and control; therefore, countermeasure development has been prioritized internationally. In recent years, studies on NiV molecular pathogenesis have focused on receptormediated entry and membrane fusion, the replication – transcription complex, and interferon antagonism mediated by P gene-encoded proteins, providing important clues for antiviral interventions. This review summarizes recent advances in NiV infection and pathogenesis, evaluates the current status and major translational challenges of antivirals, passive immunization, and vaccine strategies, and discusses future directions in target validation, product development, and the establishment of “One Health” surveillance and control systems.
Research Progress on Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnostic Techniques, Prevention and Control Strategies, and Vaccines of Nipah Virus
ZHENG Wenjiang;YANG Qiuyu;TIAN Jiasheng;ZHU Lingxuan;YAN Qian;LIAO Dan;LI Geng;Nipah virus is a highly pathogenic zoonotic pathogen belonging to the genus Henipavirus of the family Paramyxoviridae, which is single-stranded negative-sense RNA virus. Human infection with NiV can cause severe diseases such as severe encephalitis and respiratory failure. The virus was first emerged in Malaysia in 1998 and has since caused recurrent outbreaks in South Asia. In recent years, novel Nipah virus-related viral sequences have been detected in Africa, posing new potential risks to global virus prevention and control. The natural reservoir of Nipah virus is mainly fruit bat of the genus Pteropus. Nipah virus can be transmitted through multiple routes including animal-to-human, human-to-human and contaminated food, posing a serious threat to public health security. This paper systematically reviews the research progress on Nipah virus in terms of its pathogenic biological characteristics, pathogenic mechanism, epidemiological features, diagnostic techniques, prevention and control strategies as well as vaccine research, aiming to provide scientific references for improving China's response capacity to emerging and outbreaking infectious diseases.
Regulation of the NF-κB Signaling Pathway by Goatpox Virus RING Finger Protein
FENG Qiuyuan;YU Hanwei;YANG Yunfeng;CHEN Guohua;GUO Xiaola;LIU Junlin;MA Xiaoxia;CHEN Yixia;JING Zhizhong;Objective The NF-κB pathway plays an important role in host antiviral immunity,and poxviruses can interfere with its activation by encoding various immunomodulatory proteins.This study aimed to investigate the regulatory effect of the RING finger protein encoded by goatpox virus(GTPV),designated GTPVRF,on the NF-κB signaling pathway.Methods The subcellular localization of GTPVRF was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy.The effects of GTPVRF on NF-κB transcriptional activity,p-IκBα degradation,NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation,and IKKα/IκBα phosphorylation were assessed using dual-luciferase reporter assays and Western blotting.Co-immunoprecipitation(Co-IP) combined with mass spectrometry was employed to screen for GTPVRF-interacting proteins and to identify the key domains involved in these interactions.Results GTPVRF was localized in the cytoplasm.GTPVRF significantly inhibited the transcriptional activity of NF-κB(p < 0.0001),and the inhibitory effect tended to increase with increasing GTPVRF expression levels.Both the KILA-N and RING finger domains played important roles in this inhibition.GTPVRF suppressed p-IκBα degradation and NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation without affecting the phosphorylation levels of IKKα or IκBα.GTPVRF did not interact with the NF-κB pathway-related factors IKKα,IκBα,p-IκBα,or p65,but interacted with the mass spectrometry-screened proteins UBE2K,G3BP2,and CUL4B.UBE2K and CUL4B interacted primarily with the RING finger domain of GTPVRF,whereas GTPVRF was unable to interact with G3BP2 when either domain was deleted.Conclusion GTPVRF down-regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway by inhibiting p-IκBα degradation and NF-κB-p65 nuclear translocation.Both the KILA-N and RING finger domains are involved in this regulatory effect,and the interacting proteins UBE2K,G3BP2,and CUL4B may synergistically participate in this process.This study is the first to demonstrate the inhibitory effect of GTPVRF on the NF-κB signaling pathway and to preliminarily explore its underlying mechanism,thereby laying a foundation for elucidating the function of this class of proteins encoded by poxviruses.
Research Progress on Prevention and Treatment Strategies for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
LIU Jun;LIU Tieling;TANG Hong;Respiratory syncytial virus(RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI) in infants and young children and represents a substantial global public health burden. Despite this, available options for the prevention and treatment of RSV infection remain limited. Recent advances, however, have brought renewed momentum to the field. To date, two RSV-specific vaccines and one monoclonal antibody have been approved, and significant progress has been made in the development of novel antiviral agents, although their use in pediatric populations remains limited. These developments not only provide new therapeutic options to mitigate the clinical impact of RSV infection but also lay the foundation for improved preventive strategies. Nevertheless, the development of safe and effective vaccines and antiviral agents for children, along with improved public awareness and acceptance of vaccination, remains a critical unmet need. This review comprehensively summarizes current prevention and treatment strategies for RSV infection and aims to provide a scientific basis for future control and management efforts.
[Downloads: 32 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 17 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Study on the Predictive Value of Viral Load Combined with PCT,IgG,and C3 for the Prognosis of Children with Adenovirus Pneumonia
ZHANG Miao;MIAO Huihui;GUO Dongmei;Objective To evaluate the predictive value of adenoviral load, procalcitonin(PCT), immunoglobulin G(IgG), and complement C3 for the prognosis of children with adenovirus pneumonia. Methods A total of 206 children with adenovirus pneumonia admitted to our hospital between March 2022 and March 2025 were enrolled. Patients were categorized into a good prognosis group(n = 165) and a poor prognosis group(n = 41). Clinical data were collected, and adenoviral load, serum PCT, IgG, and C3 levels were measured. Results The duration of fever, length of hospital stay, incidence of severe pneumonia, and complication rates were significantly higher in the poor prognosis group than in the good prognosis group(P < 0.05). Adenoviral load and PCT levels were significantly elevated in the poor prognosis group, whereas IgG and C3 levels were significantly lower(P < 0.05). Adenoviral load was positively correlated with PCT levels and negatively correlated with IgG and C3 levels(P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified high adenoviral load, elevated PCT, decreased IgG, and decreased C3 levels as independent risk factors for poor prognosis(P < 0.05). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) for adenoviral load, PCT, IgG, C3, and their combined model were 0.792, 0.780, 0.743, 0.761, and 0.915, respectively. The corresponding Youden indices were 0.495, 0.562, 0.448, 0.521, and 0.690. Conclusion High adenoviral load, elevated PCT, and decreased IgG and C3 levels are independent risk factors for poor prognosis in children with adenovirus pneumonia. Combined assessment of these four indicators demonstrates strong predictive performance and may assist in the early identification of high-risk patients.
[Downloads: 12 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 18 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Risk Factors and Prognostic Impact of Herpes Simplex Virus Infection in Patients with Severe Diabetic Foot
WANG Chunyu;TONG Xin;GU Mingmei;Objective To investigate the risk factors for secondary herpes simplex virus(HSV) infection in patients with severe diabetic foot(SDF) and to evaluate its impact on prognosis. Methods A total of 61 patients with SDF complicated by HSV infection who were admitted to our hospital between April 2020 and May 2022 were enrolled as the infection group. In addition, 116 patients with SDF who had no infection during the same period were enrolled as the non-infection group. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for secondary HSV infection, and a nomogram model was constructed based on the selected variables. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis(DCA) were used to evaluate the predictive performance of the nomogram model. Kaplan – Meier survival curves were plotted, and survival differences were assessed using the log-rank test. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that longer disease duration, higher homocysteine(Hcy) levels, higher platelet(PLT) levels, and higher neutrophil count(NC) were independent risk factors for secondary HSV infection in patients with SDF, whereas higher albumin(ALB) levels were a protective factor(P < 0.05). The nomogram model indicated that abnormal PLT levels had the strongest predictive value for HSV infection in patients with SDF. The area under the ROC curve(AUC) of the nomogram model was 0.990, with a 95% confidence interval(CI) of 0.977 – 1.000. The calibration curve demonstrated good agreement between predicted and observed outcomes. Decision curve analysis showed that the model had high clinical utility. The overall survival(OS) rate in the HSV-positive group was 45.90%, which was significantly lower than that in the HSV-negative group(72.41%)(P < 0.05). Conclusion Monitoring the above risk factors may provide an effective basis for the early identification of high-risk patients in clinical practice and may help improve patient prognosis.
[Downloads: 31 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 17 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Pathogenic Characteristics Analysis of Three GⅡ.17[P17] Norovirus Outbreaks in Ningxia
ZHANG Wei;CAO Dongmei;WANG Long;CAO Min;YUAN Fang;WANG Xiuqing;YANG Jing;ZHANG Yong;WU Zhonglan;Objective To analyze the pathogen characteristics of three GⅡ. 17[P17] norovirus(NoV) outbreaks in Yinchuan City, Ningxia, China, in 2025, and to provide evidence for outbreak tracing and targeted prevention and control. Methods Fecal swab samples from cases and environmental swabs were collected. NoV nucleic acid was detected using fluorescent quantitative RT-PCR. Positive NoV samples were further subjected to RT-PCR to amplify the target fragment containing the VP1/RdRp overlapping region, followed by genotyping using an online typing tool. Representative samples from each outbreak were selected for wholegenome sequencing using the Illumina sequencing platform. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA software. The amino acid sequences of the VP1 region were aligned, and amino acid variation sites in local strains relative to representative strains from different evolutionary clusters were analyzed. Multiple models in HyPhy software were used for selection pressure analysis to identify positively selected sites. Results A total of 20 cases were reported across the three outbreaks. Testing confirmed that all outbreaks were caused by GⅡ.17[P17] strain Phylogenetic analysis revealed 99.1% – 100% whole-genome similarity among representative strains from the three outbreaks. These strains clustered with strains circulating in Romania, New Zealand, and the United States during 2021 – 2024, forming a new evolutionary cluster(Cluster NEW) that was distantly related to earlier Clusters C and D. Amino acid sequence alignment of the VP1 region showed that, compared with the representative strains of Cluster NEW, all local outbreak representative strains harbored N379D and D399N substitutions in the P2 domain. Some variation sites, such as N24S and G398D, were found only in representative strains from a single outbreak. Conclusion All three NoV outbreaks in Yinchuan City, Ningxia, in 2025 were caused by a new GⅡ.17[P17] variant. The branch containing this variant was closely related to strains circulating internationally in recent years. Shared and unique amino acid substitutions were identified in key antigenic domains of the VP1 region. This study clarified the molecular characteristics of the outbreak pathogens and provides important scientific support for targeted outbreak prevention and control strategies and source-tracing analysis.
[Downloads: 15 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 21 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Clinical Value of Serum Viral Marker Detection in the Early Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease-induced Heart Failure
WAN Youping;ZHANG Guoping;LI Shubao;Objective To investigate the value of serum viral markers in early diagnosis of coronary heart disease-induced heart failure(CHD-HF). Methods Eighty CHD patients were divided into an early CHD-HF group(n=40) and a simple CHD group(n=40), with 40 healthy subjects as controls. Serum cytomegalovirus(CMV), Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1), coxsackievirus group B(CVB) IgM, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide(NT-proBNP), and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) were detected. Correlations between viral markers and cardiac function indicators and diagnostic efficacy were analyzed. Results The positive rates and levels of four viral IgM in early CHD-HF group were significantly higher than those in the simple CHD group and the control group(P<0.05), positively correlated with NTproBNP(r=0.498-0.623) and negatively correlated with LVEF(r=-0.473 to-0.579). Combined detection showed an AUC of 0.927, sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 90.0%, superior to single marker detection. Conclusion Elevated serum CMV, EBV, HSV-1 and CVB IgM are closely associated with early CHD-HF occurrence, and combined detection can improve early diagnostic efficacy.
[Downloads: 27 ] [Citations: 0 ] [Reads: 13 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Isolation of Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Viruses and Their Partial Sequence Comparison
DU Yan 1, CUI Zhi zhong 1,2 , QIN Ai jian 1, Silva R. F. 3, Lee L. F. 3 (1.Department of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; 2. College of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China; 3.Subgroup J avian leukosis viruses (ALV J) were isolated from two broiler breeder farms with suspected diseased chickens and two commercial broiler flocks without clinical symptoms by inoculating the samples into chicken embryo fibroblast cells and PCR amplification of the infected CEF genomic DNA. In the indirect fluorescence assay (IFA) with ALV J specific monoclonal antibody JE9, 2 strains, SD9901 and SD9902 from breeder with suspected lesions, were strongly positive, another 2 strains, YZ9901 and YZ9902 from commercial broilers without clinical symptoms gave weak reactions. The genomes of strains YZ9901 and SD9902 were partially sequenced and the results indicated that their gp85 had 89%-93% identity in the amino acid level with ALV J prototype HPRS 103 and American strain ADOL HCl. The amino acid identity among themselves was 92%. The 3' noncoding LTR region had 95%-97% identity in the nucleotide level with ALV J prototype strain HPRS 103. But the Chinese strains had a 139 base deletion mutation in their E elements nearby the 3' LTR region and got an insertion of 11 base fragment instead.
CONSTRUCTION AND APPLICATION OF A HIGH LEVEL EXPRESSION VECTOR CONTAINING P_RPL PROMOTER
Zhang Zhiqing Yao Lihong Hou Yunde(National Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Beijing )A high level expression vector has been constructed,which contains PR PL promoter, cIts857 gene, multiple cloning sites ( MCS ) and two strong transcription terminators. Foreign gene with ATG signal can be inserted into the MCS, expressing non-fusion protein. Using this vector, we have expressed successfully the human interferon r,human interleukin-2 and human tumor necrosis factor. The foreign gene product accounts for more than 20% of the total cell protein.
NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS INFECTION FOUND IN DIARRHEA PATIENTS IN CHINA
Fang Zhaoyin Wen Leying Jin ShengJin Zhao Zhanghua C. Moe H. Yoshikura R.Glass(Institute of Virology,CAPM ,Beijing 100052) 1.Henan Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 2.Centers for Disease control and prevention,USA; 3.University of Tokyo,JapanNorwalk virus or Norwalk virus -like agents are important pathogens that causeoutberaks of acute nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Two Norwalk-like virus isolates were identifiedin fecal specimens from acute diarrhea patients in Henan province during Oct.1990-Jan1991 rotavirus season by electron microscopy that shows 28nm diameter with structured capsid.RT-PCR using Norwalk -specific primer pair 51-3,and nucleotidesequencing of PCR products showed 72%homology of these two isolates to that of Norwalkvirus prototype 8FⅡa. Our finding suggests that more attention should be pai to outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis caused by Norwalk-like virus in China.
Identification of a New Subgroup of Avian Leukosis Virus Isolated from Chinese Indigenous Chicken Breeds
WANG Xin,ZHAO Peng,CUI Zhi-zhong(College of Veterinary Medicine,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai an 271018,China)In order to clarify Avian leukosis virus(ALV) characteristics from Chinese native chicken breeds,three ALV JS11C1,JS11C2 and JS11C3 were isolated from Chinese native breed "luhua" by inoculation of DF1 cell culture and detection of p27 antigen.Using PCR amplification of env gene,the amplified gp85 genes were analyzed and compared to all six chicken ALV subgroups reported.The gp85 genes of these three viruses were 1 005bp in length and encoded 335 amino acids,and the gp37 genes were 609bp and encoded 203 amino acids.The homology of gp85 among these three isolated strains was 91.9%-97.0%.Comparing to 18 stains of subgroup A,B,C,D,E published in GenBank,the homology was only in the range of 77.7%-84.6%,significantly lower than the gp85 homology observed within the common chicken subgroups A(88.2%-98.5%),B(91.6%-98.8%),and E(97.9%-99.4%).The gp85 homology compared with subgroup J was only 34.2%-36.5%.These results suggested that three isolated strains from Chinese native breed "luhua" belong to a new subgroup different from all six known subgroups from Chickens,and thus designated as subgroup K.
[Downloads: 1,120 ] [Citations: 227 ] [Reads: 238 ] HTML PDF Cite this article
Identification of Enterovirus Type 71 by RT-PCR and the Gene Characterization
CUI Ai-li~ 1, XU Wen-bo~ 1, LI Xiu-zhu~ 2, HU Jia-yu~ 2, LING Hua~ 3, TANG Wei~ 2, YANG Zhi-hong~ 4, ZHANG Yan~ 1, CHEN Li~ 1, Hiroyuki Shimizu~ 5(1. National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing 100052, China;2. Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200336, China;3. Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chongqing 400042, China;4. Childrens Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;5. National Institute of Hygiene, Japan)10 virus strains were isolated from clinical specimens of children with hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), 9 isolates from Shanghai and 1 isolate from Chongqing. All of the 10 isolates were tested by RT-PCR assay with two specific primer pairs for VP1 genes of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) and Coxsackie virus A16 (Cox. A16) respectively. The enterovirus serotype 71 and Cox. A16 were primarily identified depending on the size of PCR products and the primers used. The RT-PCR results indicated that 2 EV71 isolates were from Shanghai, 1 was from Chongqing and 7 Cox. A16 isolates were from Shanghai. All of the 10 PCR products were sequenced, the sequence analysis confirmed that PCR identified results was 100% correlative to virus sequencing, so RT-PCR assay is highly specific and probably may be the first choice for identification of EV71 and Cox. A16. 891 nucleotides of VP1 coding genes of 3 EV71 isolated strains were sequenced and compared with that of previously isolated 7 EV71 Chinese isolates available from GenBank (SHZH03?SHZH98?SH-F1?SH-F2?SH-H25?SH-H26 and CHN-87) by homogeneity and phylogenetic tree analyses. The homogeneity of these 10 Chinese strains with the representative isolates of C genotype of EV71 was between 89.3%-94.6%; with the representative isolates of A and B genotypes was between 81.3%-84.0%. The data suggested that all of the 10 Chinese isolates belong to EV71 genotype C except CHN-87, which was untyped. The homogeneity of the 3 EV71 isolated strains and 6 previously isolated strains (SHZH03?SHZH98?SH-F1?SH-F2?SH-H25?SH-H26) were between 94.5%-100%, that formed a single branch in the phylogenetic tree. There were only 89.3%-92.9% homology among these 9 strains and the representative strains of C1?C2?C3 sub-genotypes of EV71, this suggested that these 9 Chinese isolates and the TAI-98 composed a new sub-genotype, the C4 sub-genotype, of the C genotype. EV71 of sub-genotype C4 distributed in Shenzhen, Chongqiang and Shanghai from 1988-2003. It is much helpful to develop EV71 diagnosis, virus surveillance, virus standard nomenclature and set up EV71 virus bank and virus gene bank to accelerate the control and prevention of EV71 outbreak in China and in the world.
Research Progress on the Infection Mechanism of Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2
LU Rongguang;WU Jing;BAI Xue;LIU Weiquan;An emerging infectious disease COVID-19 which caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2,has spread to many countries and regions around the world. For now,COVID-19 triggered a global public concern about healthy safety. Although just about 2% SARS-CoV-2 infected patients have contacted with wild animals,most scientists still believe that SARS-CoV-2 origin from wild animals. In fact,virus interspecies transmission is very difficult and lead to the new host dead in most cases. However,different from the other viruses,SARSCoV-2 have adapt to human body very well since SARS-CoV-2 emerged. Thus,we reviewed several research advances about etiology,function receptor and evolution of SARS-CoV-2,try to provide a new perspective to understand the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.
Prediction of the Epidemic Trend of COVID-19
YAN Mingjiang;DONG Yihong;JIA Xiangen;ZHENG Haiyang;XIN Yu;Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) spread initially from Wuhan(Hubei Province,China) in December 2019 through China,but is now a pandemic. Unprecedented steps have been taken throughout China to vigorously carry out disease treatment and epidemic prevention. Official statistics published by the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China were collected to predict the trend of the epidemic. In the traditional Susceptible,Exposed,Infectious,Recovered(SEIR) model,only infectious patients and noninfectious latent patients are considered. However,COVID-19-diagnosed patients cannot infect the susceptible population because they have been isolated in hospitals,whereas latent patients may be infectious. Based on this information,we propose an improved model of infectious-disease transmission:"ISEIR". In ISEIR,patients are divided into outpatients(with infectivity)and inpatients(infectivity is not considered). Preclinical patients who are infectious are also considered. ISEIR fits model parameters dynamically with historical data to exclude the limitations of fixed parameters. The data of patients diagnosed early with COVID-19 in Hubei Province,China was seriously distorted. Therefore,according to the probability distribution of the daily basic reproduction number(R0),the clinical-diagnosis data of February 12–14 were preprocessed and spread into previous data to correct distortion of previous data. The epidemic situation was divided into two regions:the whole country(excluding Hubei Province,China)and Hubei Province,China. The new ISEIR predicts further development of the future epidemic,and calculates the change in daily R0. Results revealed that the R0 of Hubei Province,China has reduced gradually from 3.108. All patients will be cured and discharged from hospital around April 19.The initial R0 of China(excluding Hubei Province)was 1.929,and all patients will be cured around March 26.Results showed that the epidemic has been suppressed effectively under strict prevention-and-control measures.It is also necessary to prevent rebound of the epidemic situation caused by the resumption of employment.
Research Progress in Novel Coronavirus(2019-nCoV)-Related Drugs In Vitro and In Vivo
SONG Gao;CHENG Mengqun;WEI Xianwen;In December 2019 in Wuhan City(Hubei Province,China),multiple cases of patients with pneumonia infected by a new type of coronavirus were noted. With the spread of the epidemic,other cases in China and overseas have also been found. On 12 January 2020,the World Health Organization tentatively named it"2019 Novel Coronavirus"(2019-nCoV). This is a new type of virus,which is highly infectious and can cause severe respiratory diseases. A clinically efficacious treatment is lacking. We reviewed the guidelines for recommended therapeutic drugs and drug-development advances with the aim of providing a reference for clinical treatment of 2019-nCoV infection.
Research Progress on SARS-CoV-2
XIE Qian;WU Zhengyu;SHU Yuelong;Since December 2019,the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)in Wuhan,China,has spread rapidly to other provinces and cities in China,and worldwide. Severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS)-CoV-2 belongs to the β-coronavirus family,which is closely related to SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS)-CoV,but quite different,especially in the spike protein. SARS-CoV-2 may be derived from bats according to sequence comparison. SARS-CoV-2 uses the same receptor,angiotensin converting enzyme Ⅱ(ACE2),as SARS-CoV. The main transmission routes include droplets and close contacts. The lack of effective drugs and vaccine is a challenge for outbreak control.
Research Progress of the Molecule Mechanisms of Ebola Virus Infection of Cells
SHI Ming,SHEN Yu-qing(Medical School of Southeast University,Nanjing 210009,China)Ebola virus can cause severe Ebola hemorrhagic fever.The mortality rate is 90 percent.Up till now,there is no effective vaccine or treatment of Ebola virus infection.Relaed researches on Ebola virus have become a hot topic in virology.The understanding of molecular mechanisms of Ebola virus infection of cells are important for the development of vaccine and anti-virus drugs.Therefore,this review summarized the recent research progress on the mechanisms of Ebola virus infection.
Announcement
Page Views
Page visits today: 734